中国国人走出国门，跟随经济发展步伐，在海外投资、旅游、求学、生活等活动日益多元化，随之而来的各种安全问题急剧增多，为中国公民及中国企业在海外保驾护航是国际发展的必要需求，是走的出去、带的回来的基本保障，如何让对外投资企业及在海外工作、学习、旅游的同胞了解在外安保知识及中国在海外的救援力量是一个亟待解决的工作。

提起海外安保，人们首先会联想到的就是类似斯里兰卡爆炸的恐怖袭击事件。尽管暴恐事件由于其手段残忍、伤亡人数多、媒体影响力大，的确是海外安保必须应对的主要风险挑战，但是其发生的概率并不高。因此，海外安保需要应对的远不止暴恐一项，从近年来中国企业在“一带一路”建设过程中遭遇的各类“非生产性”安全事件来看，海外的安全风险居高不下。

“十九大报告”指出：“当今世界形势正处于千百年来最深刻的转变时期，国家安全形势更加复杂多变。”这个判断指出了“一带一路”建设所处的安全环境面临的挑战。首先，“一带一路”沿线一些国家存在国家治理脆弱的现实，党派更迭、政权动荡、政府腐败、社会治安混乱是中国企业与人员在当地不得不面临的问题。其次，恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义的威胁不仅没有下降，极端组织“伊斯兰国”的崩溃反而带来恐怖主义向世界各地转移和扩散的风险。最后，大国竞争加剧也会影响“一带一路”的进程。

海外安保干什么？

海外安保问题始终受到党和国家领导人的高度重视。2016年8月17日，习近平主席在推进“一带一路”建设工作座谈会上强调：“切实推进安全保障，完善安全风险评估、监测预警、应急处置，建立健全工作机制，细化工作方案，确保有关部署和举措落实到每个部门、每个项目执行单位和企业。”

广义的海外安保大体上有三种类型的安保资源：

第一是借助国家力量的保护，如外交部驻外各使领馆的领事保护机制、通过官方渠道安排的当地军警力量、跨境警务合作、以及在重大情况下国家军事力量的境外延伸，如索马里护航、也门撤侨行动。国家是国人在外最强有力的保障，但相对于规模巨大的海外中资机构和人员团体，国家的力量难免捉襟见肘，而且还受到主权和国际法的约束。《红海行动》所表现的故事，在海外安保中并非常态。

第二是社会力量的互助，如境外中资企业的互助、当地华人团体的组织协调、例如在南非、安哥拉等国都成立了警民合作中心。

第三是通过市场方式获得安全保护，如购买商业保险对冲境外安全风险，以及购买专业安保公司的服务。承当“一带一路”建设主力的企业作为市场主体，通过市场方式化解地域安全风险，这既符合逻辑，也是国际上通行的做法。狭义的海外安保指的就是专业安保公司提供的安全服务。

提到专业安保公司的海外安保服务，有些人会联想到国内在各种门口站岗的保安，从性质上讲，海外安保的确就是国内保安服务的海外延伸。但是，相较于国内的安全环境，海外安保面临的环境更加复杂、挑战更加尖锐、任务也更加艰巨，因此海外安保的业务内容会更加多元与综合。

首先是安全风险信息。信息情报是海外安保的眼睛，如果没有及时可靠的安全情报信息，只能被动挨打。目前海外安保的风险信息收集主要通过两个渠道：

一是项目驻地管理人员通过当地媒体、军警、当地保安公司以及周边社区收集相关信息，目前国资委正在建立一套基于当地项目渠道的风险收集与反馈系统；二是通过大数据工具在互联网上抓取风险信息，国内已经有若干家企业与机构在做这方面的工作。不过总体而言，安全信息的后期分析处理，尤其是形成预警性的情报，在海外安保领域还是一个薄弱环节，这需要更多专业智库力量的参与。

其次是安全风险评估。其中包括：国别风险评估，通过对所在国国内政局、经济状况、安全形势、社会环境的分析评估项目的可行性；项目风险评估，基于项目所在地的治安状况、地质条件、地理环境，气候条件、公共卫生条件的分析规划项目安保方案；合作方背景调查；风险等级划分等内容。“一带一路”建设项目应该树立“不评估、不立项”的原则。

第三是安全管理制度和安保方案。海外安保管理的知识和技能有其专业性，这方面是国内企业与机构普遍欠缺的短板，有的是以生产安全管理的思路去应对海外的“非生产性”安全问题，有的是把国内习惯的做法搬到国外。通过近些年来在实践中引进、消化、吸收国际安保行业的操作理念和规范，国内的安保管理专业水平也得到了很大的提高，例如商务部编制发布的《境外中资企业机构和人员安全管理指南（2017版）》具有很强的指导性。

第四是现场安全管理。这其中包括营地安防设施的建设管理、保安队伍的组织管理、日常安保勤务、移动护卫和要员保护以及安全公共关系的开展等内容。海外安保不是简单地把国内看大门的保安派到国外，面对完全陌生的法律、政策、文化环境，海外现场安全经理需要具备更加全面的知识和技能。除了常规的人防、物防、技防之外，更为重要的还应该建立并维护与当地军警、保安公司、当地雇员和周边社区良好的关系。可以说，一个优秀的海外现场安全经理应该同时具备战斗员、指挥员、工程师、情报官和外交官的素质。

第五是应急处置。这其中包括现场突发事件的处置，如应对武力入侵、群体性事件、移动遇袭等场景的处置流程和技巧；重大事件的应急响应流程；应急撤离的组织等。保安公司与保险公司合作，展开海外绑架事件的专业指导和处置作业。去年，媒体报道瑞典某大学教授聘请安保公司赴伊拉克战区解救博士生的传奇故事，这算得上海外安保的一次“神操作”，不过也只能在特定环境下才能实现。

第六是境外人员安全培训。2010年，商务部、外交部、发改委、公安部、国资委等十部门联合发布《境外中资企业机构和人员安全管理规定》，其中规定派驻境外人员应进行安全培训，“不培训、不派出”。目前只有中石油、中石化等少数企业建立了严格的安全培训体系，大多数企业还不了解培训的意义和价值。有价值的境外安全人员培训不是简单的军训操练或户外拓展，也不是专业化的军警技能训练，而是通过一天或几天的培训让即将外派的人员初步了解他们将要面对的社会和安全环境，提高安全意识，掌握简单实用的逃生、自保、急救技能。很多生动的案例表明，经过培训的人员在遭遇突发事件时做出的第一反应确实能极大地提高其生存几率。

海外安保怎么干？

根据有关部门的统计，目前中国已经有37家公司在50多个国家开展有实质性的安保业务，每年派出海外的安保人员一万人次。但是，同中国每年“走出去”的企业与人员的规模相比，中国自身的安保力量供给显然远远不能满足需求。

中国海外安保企业的发展现状也存在诸多问题。首先，海外安保企业主要是跟随少数大国企的海外项目走出去，企业经营状况很不稳定。其次是业务模式单一，目前海外安保主要提供的是“内保”模式的服务，派出去的安全官虽然出了国，但实际上还出不了门，跟国内看大门的保安也没有太多区别。

与此同时，国内也出现了推崇“黑水模式”、鼓吹打打杀杀的海外安保的论调，这些论调在法理上说不通，实践中则害人害己。“黑水模式”是在阿富汗、伊拉克战争期间美国国防部通过“战争外包”豢养出来的私营军事公司。没有国家战略做后盾，没有特殊政策做保障，中国版的“黑水”基本上迈不出国门一步，就算迈出去了也只会惹祸。

因此，中国的海外安保作为“以市场方式提供安全产品与服务”私营安保行业的一部分，必须从行业的基本特征出发，认识国际安保市场的基本规则和发展规律，从而探索自己的发展道路。私营安保本质上是一个“强龙不压地头蛇”的行业，这是由两个基本特征决定的：

第一、无论在哪个国家，私营安保都是受到法律严格管制的行业。因此，无论在哪个国家开展海外安保业务，都必须接受当地法律法规的管制。前些年国内媒体讨论海外安保能不能持枪的问题，这实际上是个伪命题，当地政府发给你“两证一照”（保安服务许可证、持枪证、无线电通信牌照）就能持枪，否则就不能持枪。在非洲某些国家，迷彩服和防弹衣都是违法的。巴基斯坦、马来西亚、缅甸等国家的法律严格禁止外国人从事保安行业，因此不能在这些国家注册一个带“安全”字样的经贸公司，就宣传自己能在当地从事安保业务。

第二、在绝大多数国家，私营安保公司都有本地的军警强力部门的背景。因此，海外安保要真正在东道国落地，就必须要跟当地的强力部门建立关系，与当地有实力的安保公司合作，才能开展属地化的安保服务。海外安保首先要把自己变成当地的保安，才能开展切实可靠的安全服务，否则连自己的安全都可能保障不了。

“一带一路”倡议自提出之始就秉承共商、共享、共建原则，秉持和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢的理念。“一带一路”的理念本身也为中国的海外安保的发展指出了一条道路：通过与沿线各国的强力部门、保安企业建立务实合作，在打造利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体的同时，推动“公共安全共同体”的建设。践行“一带一路”理念的海外安保，不仅能为“一带一路”保驾护航，而且也在为构建“人类命运共同体”的全球治理体系做出贡献。

北京银盾安保集团武装护航简介

2014年北京银盾安保集团海上武装护航业务的开展，开创了中国武装保安为中国远洋船舶护航的新篇章，成为国内首批独立承揽武装护航业务的企业之一，迫使西方海上安保企业降低护航费用，为中国远洋公司节省了大量成本支出。

北京银盾安保集团护航队员来自海军陆战队、陆军特种部队、武警特警部队的优秀退伍士兵，通过严格培训取得了护航相关证件，具备独立完成护航任务的资质和能力，以高度的忠诚、严格的纪律、过硬的素质、优质的服务得到国内外客户一致认可，受到船员的高度赞誉。

北京银盾安保集团海事在印度洋各重要中转港口设立了基地和办事机构，为船舶提供各种靠港服务，随时为船舶补充食品、淡水、油料等急需物资；

北京调度中心随时为护航船舶提供准确的防海盗安全形势分析和区域气象水文资料；安全风险评估中心可为客户提供相关国家和区域的安全信息，为中国赴海外客户提供正确、科学的安全风险评估报告和中、英、德等语种的信息支持，并根据客户需要制订危机处置方案。

公司还创办了《防海盗信息月报》、《信息周报》，为客户提供及时可靠的信息支援。北京银盾安保集团海事是私营保安公司国际行为准则协会（ICoCA）及海运保安工业协会（SAMI）的首批中国会员，是首家通过英国劳氏集团ISO/PAS 28000/28007体系认证的中国企业。

北京银盾安保集团保安海外安保业务的开展，标志着中国武装保安正式走出国门，并在国际安保领域树立了银盾海保的品牌，树立了中国武装保安的品牌！

除了安保、守卫、设备租赁、海上武装护航等，北京银盾安保集团还开展了海外培训等相关服务。

北京银盾安保集团武装押运事业部专门从事武装押运的保安服务企业，具有一流的装备和管理体系，是目前国内企业规模最大、综合实力最强、技术水平最高的专业保安押运服务企业之一，主要业务包括特种货物运输服务；守卫服务；安全信息咨询；技术培训；有价证券、贵重物品押运等。

银盾安保集团全文英文翻译

Chinese people go abroad and follow the pace of economic development. Activities such as overseas investment, tourism, schooling and life are increasingly diversified. The resulting security problems have increased dramatically. It is a necessary demand for international development to escort Chinese citizens and Chinese enterprises overseas. It is a basic guarantee for going out and bringing back. How to let enterprises investing abroad and working, studying It is an urgent task for fellow tourists to learn about security knowledge and China's overseas rescue forces.

When it comes to overseas security, the first thing people think of is a terrorist attack similar to the explosion in Sri Lanka. Although violent terrorist incidents are indeed the main risk challenges that overseas security must face due to their cruel means, large casualties and great media influence, their probability of occurrence is not high. Therefore, overseas security needs to deal with far more than terrorism. Judging from various "unproductive" security incidents encountered by Chinese enterprises during the construction of the "the Belt and Road" in recent years, overseas security risks remain high.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "the world situation today is in the most profound transformation period in thousands of years, and the national security situation is more complex and changeable." This judgment points out the challenges faced by the security environment of the "the Belt and Road" construction. First of all, some countries along the "the Belt and Road" have the reality of weak national governance. Party change, political instability, government corruption, and social security chaos are the problems that Chinese enterprises and personnel have to face locally. Secondly, the threat of terrorism, separatism and extremism has not declined. Instead, the collapse of the extremist organization "Islamic State" has brought about the risk of terrorism transferring and spreading to all parts of the world. Finally, intensified competition among major countries will also affect the process of the the Belt and Road Initiative.

What does overseas security do?

Overseas security issues have always been highly valued by the Party and state leaders.

Broadly speaking, there are three types of security resources for overseas security:

The first is to rely on the protection of national forces, such as the consular protection mechanism of embassies and consulates stationed abroad by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the local military and police forces arranged through official channels, cross-border police cooperation, and the overseas extension of national military forces in major cases, such as Somali escort and Yemeni evacuation operations. The state is the most powerful guarantee for Chinese people outside the country. However, compared with the large-scale overseas Chinese funded institutions and personnel groups, the power of the state is unavoidably stretched, and it is also constrained by sovereignty and international law. The story of Red Sea Action is not normal in overseas security.

The second is the mutual assistance of social forces, such as the mutual assistance of overseas Chinese enterprises, the organization and coordination of local Chinese groups, and the establishment of police civilian cooperation centers in South Africa, Angola and other countries.

The third is to obtain security protection through the market, such as purchasing commercial insurance to hedge overseas security risks, and purchasing the services of professional security companies. As the main body of the market, enterprises undertaking the construction of the "the Belt and Road" can resolve regional security risks through the market approach, which is both logical and internationally accepted. In a narrow sense, overseas security refers to the security services provided by professional security companies.

When referring to overseas security services provided by professional security companies, some people will think of domestic security guards standing at various doorways. In nature, overseas security is indeed an overseas extension of domestic security services. However, compared with the domestic security environment, overseas security faces more complex environment, more acute challenges and more arduous tasks, so the business content of overseas security will be more diversified and comprehensive.

The first is security risk information. Information and intelligence are the eyes of overseas security. If there is no timely and reliable security information, you can only be beaten passively. At present, the risk information of overseas security is mainly collected through two channels:

First, the project resident managers collect relevant information through local media, military police, local security companies and surrounding communities. At present, SASAC is establishing a risk collection and feedback system based on local project channels; Second, risk information is captured on the Internet through big data tools. Several domestic enterprises and institutions are already doing this work. However, generally speaking, the late analysis and processing of security information, especially the formation of early-warning intelligence, is still a weak link in the field of overseas security, which requires the participation of more professional think tanks.

The second is security risk assessment. This includes: country risk assessment, which evaluates the feasibility of the project by analyzing the domestic political situation, economic situation, security situation and social environment of the host country; The project risk assessment is to plan the project security plan based on the analysis of the security situation, geological conditions, geographical environment, climatic conditions and public health conditions of the project location; Background investigation of partners; Risk level classification and other contents. The "the Belt and Road" construction project should follow the principle of "no evaluation, no project establishment".

The third is the security management system and security plan. The knowledge and skills of overseas security management are professional, which is a weakness that domestic enterprises and institutions generally lack. Some of them deal with overseas "non productive" security issues with the idea of production safety management, and some of them move domestic practices abroad. Through the introduction, digestion and absorption of the operational concepts and norms of the international security industry in practice in recent years, the professional level of security management in China has also been greatly improved. For example, the Safety Management Guide for Overseas Chinese funded Enterprises, Institutions and Personnel (2017 Edition) prepared and issued by the Ministry of Commerce is highly instructive.

The fourth is on-site safety management. This includes the construction and management of camp security facilities, the organization and management of security teams, daily security services, mobile guards and key personnel protection, and the development of security public relations. Overseas security guards do not simply send domestic security guards abroad. In the face of a completely unfamiliar legal, policy and cultural environment, overseas on-site security managers need to have more comprehensive knowledge and skills. In addition to conventional civil air defense, physical defense and technical defense, it is more important to establish and maintain good relations with local military police, security companies, local employees and surrounding communities. It can be said that an excellent overseas on-site security manager should have the qualities of a combatant, commander, engineer, intelligence officer and diplomat at the same time.

The fifth is emergency disposal. This includes the disposal of on-site emergencies, such as the disposal process and techniques for dealing with armed invasion, mass incidents, mobile attacks and other scenarios; Emergency response process for major events; Emergency evacuation organization, etc. The security company cooperates with the insurance company to carry out professional guidance and handling of overseas kidnapping. Last year, the media reported the legendary story that a professor of a Swedish university hired a security company to go to the war zone in Iraq to rescue doctoral students. This was a "divine operation" of security outside Shanghai, but it could only be achieved in a specific environment.

The sixth is safety training for overseas personnel. In 2010, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, the State owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and other ten departments jointly issued the Regulations on the Safety Management of Overseas Chinese funded Enterprises, Institutions and Personnel, which stipulates that personnel stationed abroad should receive safety training, "no training, no dispatch". At present, only a few enterprises, such as PetroChina and Sinopec, have established strict safety training systems, and most enterprises do not understand the significance and value of training. Valuable training for overseas security personnel is not a simple military training exercise or outdoor expansion, nor a professional military police skill training, but a one-day or several days of training to let the personnel to be dispatched initially understand the social and security environment they will face, improve their safety awareness, and master simple and practical skills of escape, self-protection, and first aid. Many vivid cases show that the first response of trained personnel when encountering emergencies can greatly improve their survival probability.

How to do overseas security?

According to the statistics of relevant departments, at present, there are 37 companies in China that have carried out substantive security business in more than 50 countries, sending 10000 overseas security personnel every year. However, compared with the size of Chinese enterprises and personnel that "go global" every year, China's own security force supply is obviously far from meeting the demand.

There are also many problems in the development of China's overseas security enterprises. First of all, overseas security enterprises mainly follow the overseas projects of a few large state-owned enterprises to go out, and their business conditions are very unstable. Secondly, the business model is single. At present, overseas security mainly provides "internal security" services. Although the security officers sent out have gone abroad, they can't go out, and they are not much different from domestic security guards.

At the same time, there are also arguments advocating the "black water model" and advocating overseas security. These arguments are unreasonable in legal theory and harmful in practice. "Blackwater Mode" is a private military company raised by the US Department of Defense through "war outsourcing" during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Without the support of national strategy and the guarantee of special policies, the Chinese version of "Blackwater" can hardly go abroad, and even if it does, it will only cause trouble.

Therefore, as a part of the private security industry of "providing security products and services in a market way", China's overseas security must start from the basic characteristics of the industry, understand the basic rules and development laws of the international security market, and explore its own development path. In essence, private security is a "strong dragon does not dominate the local snake" industry, which is determined by two basic characteristics:

First, no matter in which country, private security is strictly regulated by law. Therefore, no matter which country conducts overseas security business, it must be subject to local laws and regulations. A few years ago, the domestic media discussed whether overseas security could hold a gun. This is actually a false proposition. The local government can issue you "two licenses and one license" (security service license, gun license, radio communication license) to hold a gun. Otherwise, you cannot hold a gun. Camouflages and bulletproof vests are illegal in some African countries. The laws of Pakistan, Malaysia, Myanmar and other countries strictly prohibit foreigners from engaging in the security industry. Therefore, it is not allowed to register a trade company with the word "safety" in these countries to promote their ability to engage in security business locally.

Second, in most countries, private security companies have the background of local powerful military and police departments. Therefore, in order to truly land overseas security in the host country, it is necessary to establish relations with local powerful departments and cooperate with local powerful security companies to carry out localized security services. Overseas security personnel must first turn themselves into local security personnel to provide practical and reliable security services, otherwise they may not be able to guarantee their own security.

Since its inception, the the Belt and Road Initiative has adhered to the principles of consultation, sharing and joint construction, and upheld the concepts of peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit. The concept of the "the Belt and Road" itself also points out a path for China's overseas security development: by establishing practical cooperation with powerful departments and security enterprises of countries along the line, we will promote the construction of a "public security community" while building a community of interests, a community of shared future and a community of responsibility. Overseas security that practices the "the Belt and Road" concept can not only protect the "the Belt and Road", but also contribute to building a global governance system of "a community with a shared future for mankind".

Introduction to Armed Escort of Beijing Yindun Security Group

In 2014, Beijing Yindun Security Group launched its armed escort business at sea, which created a new chapter for Chinese armed security guards to escort Chinese ocean going ships, and became one of the first domestic enterprises to independently undertake armed escort business, forcing western maritime security companies to reduce escort costs, saving Chinese ocean going companies a lot of costs.

The escorts of Beijing Yindun Security Group are excellent ex servicemen from the Marine Corps, the Army Special Forces and the Armed Police Special Police Force. They have obtained escort related certificates through strict training, have the qualification and ability to independently complete escort tasks, and have been unanimously recognized by customers at home and abroad with a high degree of loyalty, strict discipline, excellent quality and high-quality service, and are highly praised by the crew.

Beijing Yindun Security Group Maritime has set up bases and offices at various important transit ports in the Indian Ocean to provide ships with various port berthing services and replenish ships with food, fresh water, oil and other urgently needed materials at any time;

Beijing Dispatching Center shall provide accurate anti piracy security situation analysis and regional meteorological and hydrological data for escort ships at any time; The Security Risk Assessment Center can provide customers with relevant national and regional security information, provide Chinese overseas customers with correct and scientific security risk assessment reports and information support in Chinese, English, German and other languages, and formulate crisis disposal plans according to customer needs.

The company also established Anti Piracy Information Monthly and Information Weekly to provide timely and reliable information support for customers. Beijing Yindun Security Group Maritime is the first Chinese member of the International Code of Conduct Association (ICoCA) of private security companies and the Maritime Security Industry Association (SAMI), and the first Chinese enterprise to pass the ISO/PAS 28000/28007 system certification of Lloyd's Group.

The development of security overseas security business of Beijing Yindun Security Group marks that China's armed security has officially gone abroad, and has established the brand of Yindun Haibao in the international security field, as well as the brand of China's armed security!

In addition to security, guard, equipment leasing, maritime armed escort, etc., Beijing Yindun Security Group also carried out overseas training and other related services.

The Armed Escort Business Department of Beijing Yindun Security Group is a security service enterprise specializing in armed escort. With first-class equipment and management system, it is one of the professional security escort service enterprises with the largest scale, the strongest comprehensive strength and the highest technical level in China. Its main business includes special cargo transportation services; Guard service; Safety information consultation; Technical training; Escort of securities, valuables, etc.